Since gaining independence in 1947, Pakistan has undergone numerous political and social changes. However, issues of continuity in power structures, uneven regional development, and power distribution remain unresolved. Despite the departure of the British Empire, many elements of the colonial administrative and legal system have persisted in the new state model.
British bureaucratic, military, and judicial institutions were rethought to function in the context of independent Pakistan; however, traditional elites, including representatives of the bureaucracy, military, and land dynasties, continue to exert significant influence over the governance of the country. This has resulted in the centralization of power and a strong role for the state remaining key aspects of the political system.
Regional differences also hold significant importance. In Balochistan, where vast natural resources are concentrated, disputes over fair revenue distribution and infrastructure development continue. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which was intended to be a strategic project, elicits mixed opinions: it opens new economic opportunities but also raises questions about the actual benefits for the local population.
In the northwest of the country, where Pashtuns traditionally reside, a prolonged military presence and security issues have led to the formation of a unique social dynamic. At the same time, discussions regarding political participation and cultural expression continue in the Sindh province. These processes underscore the need to combine state integrity with respect for regional diversity.
The legal system of Pakistan also retains its colonial legacy. Some laws and administrative practices introduced during the colonial period are still in effect, and in recent decades, their interpretation has become a subject of public debate. Issues regarding the necessity of updating legal and institutional foundations in accordance with modern realities and human rights are actively discussed in the country.
Language and cultural diversity remain one of the main characteristics of Pakistan. After gaining independence, Urdu was designated as the national language; however, regional languages such as Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, and Saraiki continue to develop as well. The example of East Pakistan, which led to the creation of Bangladesh, serves as a reminder of the importance of respecting cultural and linguistic differences.
Currently, Pakistan seeks to find a balance between preserving national unity and recognizing regional identity. English remains an important tool in education and international relations, while Urdu and local languages contribute to strengthening cultural identity.
In recent years, there has been increased attention to issues of equal access to resources, transparency in governance, and social justice. Even within government circles, there is recognition of the need for reforms aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of institutions and actively involving citizens in the decision-making process.
Modern Pakistan faces the challenge of comprehensive modernization based on its cultural roots and historical experience. The success of these reforms largely depends on the state's ability to create an inclusive development model where every region and community feels part of the common future of the country.
Source: https://www.dailymirror.lk/international/Elite-rule-and-internal-colonization-Pakistan-78-years-after-Independence/107-322427
