During the experiment, the researchers analyzed the impact of a high-salt diet on the behavior and health of six-month-old male mice. The animals were divided into two groups: one group received a regular diet, while the other was fed a high-salt diet (8% sodium chloride). After six months, the mice in the salty food group exhibited significant changes, including increased blood pressure, impaired memory, and heightened anxious behavior.
Behavioral tests showed that the mice on the salty diet avoided open spaces and had difficulty recognizing new objects. Brain analysis revealed a decrease in neuron density in the hippocampus—a region responsible for learning and memory.
The researchers also noted changes in gene activity: there was increased expression of inflammation-related genes and suppression of genes responsible for cell survival. This may indicate the development of neuroinflammatory processes.
Analysis of the gut microbiome showed that the high-salt diet led to significant changes in the ratio of bacteria: some microorganisms began to dominate, while beneficial bacteria decreased. These changes were associated with inflammatory processes in the brain.
The authors of the study conclude that excess salt can alter the composition of gut microbiota, and the byproducts of its activity or immune signals affect the brain, causing changes in gene function and contributing to neuron death.
According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, daily salt intake should not exceed five grams; however, experts estimate that many people actually consume twice this amount.
