The vaccine targets immunoglobulin E (IgE), which is present in the body and binds to immune cells. Immune cells produce IgE in response to proteins found in viruses, parasites, and toxins. This antibody triggers a process that causes the body to produce histamine, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and hives. In the most severe cases, anaphylaxis may occur—a dangerous allergic reaction that can lead to swelling of the tongue or throat and difficulty breathing.
The vaccine developed in Australia initiates the production of antibodies that bind to IgE, preventing its interaction with the receptors of immune cells, as reported by Nature. This results in a decrease in the level of IgE necessary for forming an immune response to the allergen.
In experiments, complete protection from anaphylaxis was observed in 100% of mice that received the vaccine. They exhibited only minor allergic reactions, while in the placebo control group, nearly all rodents died.
It is also worth noting that high levels of IgE were maintained for up to 52 weeks after vaccination, indicating a long-lasting protective effect.
Scientists hope that further research will confirm the potential and safety of this vaccine for use in humans, allowing it to be considered a convenient alternative to traditional anti-allergic medications.
