November 14 is celebrated as World Diabetes Day.
Diabetes occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, plays a key role in regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels.
According to Gaparova, the main factors contributing to the development of diabetes are excess weight, poor nutrition, and lack of physical activity.
In type 1 diabetes, insulin production is significantly reduced, leading to weight loss. This condition can develop after viral infections or as a result of autoimmune disorders. Symptoms of type 1 manifest rapidly, and the disease progresses faster. This type of diabetes is most commonly diagnosed in people under 40 years of age. Patients with type 1 must strictly monitor their diet and receive insulin injections 5-6 times a day, as well as control their carbohydrate intake. They will need to receive insulin for life.
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by normal or even increased insulin production, but the cells lose their sensitivity to it. People with this type need to follow a diet and take medications that help increase cell sensitivity. If such measures do not yield results, insulin may be required. Symptoms of type 2, such as thirst, dry mouth, frequent urination, fatigue, headaches, and dizziness, usually appear at later stages when the disease has already progressed. In advanced cases, diabetes can cause complications affecting the cardiovascular system, kidneys, vision, and extremities.
Gaparova also noted that many patients seek medical help too late, when the disease is already in an advanced stage.
“When symptoms appear, it is essential to consult a doctor immediately. Early detection allows for better control of blood sugar levels and prevents disease progression. We do not recommend using dietary supplements for the treatment of diabetes, as they are not sufficiently studied and can be dangerous,” Gaparova added.
