What is a stroke?
A stroke is a critical condition that arises from a sudden disruption of blood circulation in the brain. This leads to brain cells being deprived of oxygen, which can result in their damage or death. A stroke can cause both disability and death, highlighting the need for urgent medical assistance.
Types of stroke
Ischemic stroke
— occurs when a blood vessel in the brain narrows or is completely blocked;
— this type accounts for about 80% of all stroke cases.
Hemorrhagic stroke
— occurs when a vessel ruptures and bleeds into the brain;
— can happen in both youth and children;
— characterized by a severe course and high danger to life.
Symptoms of a stroke
To simplify the memorization of symptoms, the FAST method is used:
F (Face) — facial asymmetry, one side may droop;
A (Arm) — weakness in an arm or leg on one side;
S (Speech) — speech difficulties, words become unclear;
T (Time) — do not delay, immediately call "103".
Additional symptoms:
— sudden headache;
— feeling of dizziness;
— vision impairment;
— loss of consciousness;
— balance problems.
Causes of stroke
— high blood pressure (hypertension);
— heart diseases;
— diabetes;
— smoking;
— excess weight;
— lack of physical activity;
— frequent stressful situations;
— consumption of fatty and salty foods.
First aid: what to do in an emergency!
If a stroke is suspected:
— immediately call "103";
— lay the victim down and slightly elevate their head;
— loosen clothing;
— do not give food, drink, or medication;
— in case of vomiting, turn them on their side;
— calm the person and do not leave them alone;
— self-treatment is strictly not recommended.
Treatment of stroke
A stroke is treated only in a hospital setting:
— restoration of blood circulation;
— monitoring blood pressure;
— providing oxygen to the brain;
— rehabilitation measures (speech therapy, massage, physical exercises).
The first 3–4.5 hours are critical — this is the so-called "golden time".
Stroke prevention
— regularly check blood pressure levels;
— reduce salt and fat intake;
— lead an active lifestyle (walking, sports);
— quit smoking and alcohol;
— control body weight;
— reduce stress levels;
— undergo regular medical check-ups.
Conclusion
A stroke is a condition that can be prevented, but when medical assistance is sought late, it becomes extremely dangerous. It is important to know its signs, be able to provide first aid, and engage in prevention.
