The Nobel Committee this year awarded scientists and public figures whose achievements have significantly impacted the development of science, society, and international politics.
Nobel Prize in Physics
The prize was awarded to John Clarke, Michel Devore, and John M. Martinis.
The scientists were awarded for their discovery in the field of tunneling and energy quantization in macroscopic electrical circuits.
The work of these researchers has been foundational for the development of quantum technologies, as they were the first to demonstrate that quantum effects can be observed in macroscopic systems. This discovery paved the way for the creation of qubits based on superconductors—a key element of modern quantum computers.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
This award was given to Omar M. Yaghi, Susumu Kitagawa, and Richard Robson for their developments in the field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
MOF materials possess exceptional porosity and can effectively absorb and store gases, purify water, and be used in catalysis and environmentally friendly technologies. These discoveries have laid the foundation for a new direction in chemistry—reticular chemistry, which allows for the creation of materials with predetermined characteristics.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The laureates are Mary E. Brankov, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi, who were recognized for their research in the field of immune tolerance.
The research of these scientists has helped to understand how the immune system learns not to attack its own cells. Their work led to the discovery of key regulatory T cells, opening new horizons in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and improving transplant outcomes.
Nobel Prize in Literature
This year, Hungarian writer László Krasznahorkai was awarded the Nobel Prize for his "profound, dark, and prophetic artistic creativity."
His works are notable for their complex structure, philosophical content, and exploration of human solitude. Krasznahorkai is considered one of the leading modernists in Europe from the late 20th to the early 21st century.
Nobel Peace Prize
This prize was awarded to Venezuelan human rights activist and opposition politician María Corina Machado.
// photo AP
The committee recognized her long-standing peaceful efforts to defend democratic rights, political reforms, and the cessation of authoritarian practices in Venezuela. The Nobel Committee emphasized her efforts in promoting nonviolent resistance and protecting civil liberties amid a serious political crisis.
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
The laureates are Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt, who developed the theory of innovative growth and the concept of "creative destruction."
The research of these scientists explains how technological innovations can sustainably improve living standards, maintain competitiveness, and shape new economic structures. Their work has become the foundation for modern models of economic growth and industrial policy.
The award ceremony took place on December 10 in Stockholm, at the concert hall.
