Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of oncological diseases among women both in Kyrgyzstan and internationally. A recent publication in the journal "Healthcare of Kyrgyzstan" highlights the differences in subtypes of this disease and their relationship with age and obesity factors.

In this study, special attention is given to obesity as one of the key risk factors. Depending on menopausal status, its impact on morbidity and disease outcomes varies: in premenopausal women, a higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with a lower risk, while in postmenopausal women, the opposite trend is observed.

Considering the specifics of the epidemiological situation and the healthcare system in Kyrgyzstan, researchers conducted an in-depth analysis of the current state of the problem, identifying key challenges and proposing ways to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer.

The aim of the work was to create a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of breast cancer, as well as to investigate the clinical significance of molecular subtypes and the relationship between obesity and age in the context of risk and disease outcomes, with an emphasis on data from Kyrgyzstan.

For the study, an analysis of publications from peer-reviewed journals and reports from relevant organizations (PubMed, Cochrane, WHO, SEER, GLOBOCAN) was conducted for the period from 2013 to 2024. The analytical scheme combines epidemiological data, biological aspects of subtypes, risk factors, and the organization of medical care.

The results obtained show that luminal subtypes dominate the structure of breast cancer, while the triple-negative subtype is less common but constitutes a significant proportion of early recurrences. The relationship between BMI and disease risk directly depends on menopausal status.

According to GLOBOCAN data, from 2020 to 2022, approximately 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer were recorded annually worldwide. In Kyrgyzstan, the standardized incidence rates are lower than the average in Central Asia; however, there is a trend towards an increase.

Researchers conclude that the biological heterogeneity of breast cancer and modifiable risk factors require targeted prevention and coordinated clinical pathways. Among the priority tasks for Kyrgyzstan are: