- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare formations that arise in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and originate from interstitial cells of Cajal.
The study included 75 patients, with an average age of 57.4 ± 12.3 years (age ranged from 28 to 81 years). Women accounted for 44% (n=33), and men for 56% (n=42). Regarding the localization of tumors: in the stomach — 46 cases (61.3%), in the small intestine — 21 cases (28%), in the large intestine — 5 cases (6.7%), retroperitoneal localization — 3 cases (4%).
The results of the immunohistochemical analysis showed that the majority of the examined patients demonstrated combined expression of CD117 and DOG1 — the main proteins necessary for the verification of the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. CD117 (c-KIT) is a receptor protein typically present on the surface of GIST cells, aiding in their identification. DOG1 is a protein whose expression is also characteristic of most GISTs, especially in cases where CD117 is weakly expressed.
Positive expression of CD117 was found in 94.7% of patients, DOG1 in 90.7%, and CD34 in 69.3%. Positive results for SMA and S-100 were 35% and 8% of cases, respectively. The Ki-67 index ranged from 1% to 30%, indicating varying aggressiveness of the tumors.
Comparison of the obtained data with international studies showed good concordance: positive expression of CD117 is observed in 85-95% of cases in global studies. Complete comparative characteristics of immunohistochemical markers are presented in the study tables.
The authors of the work emphasize the importance of immunohistochemical examination as a fundamental stage in the diagnosis and prognosis of GIST. The use of standard markers and Ki-67 analysis allows for the assessment of the biological characteristics of the tumor and the adaptation of treatment strategies for patients, especially in conditions of limited access to molecular methods in Kyrgyzstan.
Download the document
