Analysts believe that the use of nuclear energy can help solve the problems of water and energy shortages in the region, as well as reduce the risk of conflicts.
Central Asia is facing a critical situation where the outdated model of distributing water and energy resources can no longer function properly, increasing the likelihood of conflicts. This was stated by experts in an analytical report from the International Discussion Club "Valdai".
Experts Alikbek Djekshenkulov and Kubatbek Rakhimov proposed the creation of a consortium that would focus on water-nuclear energy with the participation of Russia. They believe that the development of nuclear energy could serve as the foundation for a new integrated model that combines water, energy, food, and security.
According to analysts, the old model, adopted during Soviet times, has lost its relevance. At that time, countries upstream would store water for electricity production and provide it for irrigation in downstream countries during the summer, receiving fuel in exchange. However, this mechanism is now becoming ineffective.
The key factors changing the situation are:
- increasing population and growing resource needs;
- melting glaciers in the Tien Shan and Pamir mountains, leading to reduced water supplies;
- wear and tear of existing infrastructure, including hydropower plants and irrigation systems;
- environmental issues such as soil pollution and declining water levels in the Aral Sea.
As a result, water and energy resources are increasingly becoming a subject of disputes among the countries in the region.
The authors of the analysis suggest updating the concept of interaction by implementing a "nexus" — an interconnected system of "water – energy – food – security," in which nuclear energy should occupy a central place.
It is expected that the implementation of nuclear power plants will allow:
- to ensure stable electricity production throughout the year;
- to reduce pressure on reservoirs and decrease winter water releases;
- to decrease dependence on coal energy;
- to manage water resources more effectively for agricultural needs.
Experts are confident that this approach can contribute to the industrialization of the region, increase job opportunities, reduce migration flows, and ensure long-term stability in Central Asia.
