Ammosov Maxim Kirovich
Maxim Kirovich Ammosov (1897 - 1937)
Born on December 10 (22), 1897, in the Khatyryk nasleg of the Namsky ulus in the family of a Yakut peasant. Due to poverty, his parents gave him for "upbringing" to a wealthy relative, where little Maxim grew up as a healthy and cheerful child. From the age of nine, he studied at the Namsk one-class school with a three-year curriculum. Even then, under the influence of the democratic teacher P.A. Ushinsky, who taught at the school, Ammosov refused to read prayers at school. In his third year of study, he participated in a student strike—a collective refusal to attend classes in protest against a teacher who refused to teach the students.
After finishing school, Maxim Ammosov faced the task of continuing his education, which led him to become engaged to the daughter of a small shopkeeper in Yakutsk, who agreed to cover his living expenses while he studied in the city. Maxim enrolled in the urban four-class school. Starting in 1911, he joined an illegal literary circle, read books banned by censorship, and in 1914 successfully passed the entrance exams for a teacher's seminary. Here, Maxim met S. Arzhakov, S. Vasilyev, M. Ksenofontov, and other young men who were members of an illegal Marxist circle. In 1916-17, Ammosov joined the "Young Social Democrat" circle, where under the guidance of E.M. Yaroslavsky, S. Ordzhonikidze, and G. Petrovsky, he underwent revolutionary training and participated in the February Revolution in Yakutsk.
From March 1917, M. Ammosov was a member of the Yakut United Social Democratic Organization, chairman of the Union of Yakut Laborers, member of the Yakut Council of People's Deputies, and member of the Bureau of the Committee for Public Safety. It was during these years that his friends nicknamed him Maxim the Bright (Chayylkay Maxim) for his oratory talent.
In March 1918, Ammosov, along with other Bolsheviks, was arrested by the right Socialist-Revolutionary regional council, and only the swift proclamation of Soviet power in Yakutia in the summer of 1918 freed them from prison. The temporary overthrow of the Soviets in August led to M.K. Ammosov, along with other comrades, being arrested and exiled beyond the borders of Yakutia. From this time, the Siberian period of Maxim Kirovich Ammosov's activities began.
After being conditionally released from the Kireńsk prison as a student, Ammosov illegally left for Tomsk, where he worked as a teacher in a rural school until the beginning of 1919. During this period, he actively engaged in underground work in the rear of Kolchak: wrote revolutionary appeals, participated in the work of the underground organization of Irkutsk Bolsheviks, etc. In May 1919, Maxim Ammosov, having illegally crossed the Kolchak front, ended up in Moscow and met Lenin, informing him about the situation in Siberia. As a political worker of the Fifth Army, M. Ammosov actively worked to create Komsomol organizations in Omsk, Krasnoyarsk, and Irkutsk.
From June 1920, M.K. Ammosov began his activities in Yakutia as chairman of the Yakut Revolutionary Regional Committee. In September, he was appointed secretary of the Yakut Provincial Organizational Bureau of the RCP(b). In February 1921, Ammosov was summoned to Moscow in connection with his election as a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK). In April of the same year, M. Ammosov, along with I. Barakhov, P. Oyunsky, and S. Arzhakov, succeeded in having the issue of autonomy considered by the Yakut Provincial Bureau of the RCP(b).
From June to November 1921, Ammosov served as chairman of the provincial revolutionary committee, head of the Yakut section at the provincial party bureau, and was then sent to Moscow. In the 1920s, he held high responsible positions and devoted much effort to establishing autonomy in Yakutia, developing science, the national economy, agriculture, the gold mining industry, and improving the lives of northern peoples.
In 1932, Maxim Kirovich, a third-year student at the Agrarian Institute of the Red Professorship, was appointed as the first secretary of the West Kazakhstan, and from 1934, the Karaganda, and from 1936, the North Kazakhstan regional committees of the VKP(b).
From March 18 to June 1937, Maxim Kirovich worked as the first secretary of the Frunze City Committee of the Communist Party (b); from May to November 1937, he was the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Kyrgyzstan.
He arrived in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Frunze, at a time when the VIII plenum of the Kyrgyz regional committee of the VKP(b) was taking place. On March 22, he was elected its first secretary. During these days, the V Extraordinary All-Kyrgyz Congress of Soviets concluded its work, at which, under the direct leadership of M.K. Ammosov, the Constitution of the Kyrgyz SSR was adopted. Thus, he was at the origins of Kyrgyz statehood. In July 1937, at the I Congress of the Communist Party (b) of Kyrgyzstan, Maxim Kirovich was elected the first secretary of the Central Committee. Although his stay in Kyrgyzstan was brief—only eight months—he managed to establish himself as an outstanding leader with his vision for solving many problems of the republic. He justified the general course of socio-economic development of the republic, outlined the prospects for state construction, and the Kyrgyz SSR was to transform from an agrarian republic into an industrial-agrarian one in the near future: the development of mining industries was planned, including coal and non-ferrous metal extraction, harmonious growth of rail and water transport, and the construction of horse-drawn roads (in particular, during his time, a road was built connecting Frunze with Lake Issyk-Kul).
Maxim Kirovich paid great attention to the training of local personnel and implemented a policy of indigenization of the state apparatus, which had not been done by anyone before him, promoting Kyrgyz people to responsible party and state positions, and developing culture and education.
From the first days of his work in the republic, M.K. Ammosov had to fight against the arbitrariness of the NKVD organs. At that time, only he could oppose the formidable service. He protected and defended the leading workers of the republic, his colleagues, until the last day of his tenure as the head of the republic. Kyrgyzstan became the last place of M.K. Ammosov's life work. Here he experienced the full tragedy of the system he served.
Maxim Ammosov was arrested on November 16, 1937, on false charges. On July 28, 1938, he was shot in Moscow and buried at the NKVD USSR special site "Kommunarka."
On April 28, 1956, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR fully rehabilitated Maxim Kirovich Ammosov "for lack of evidence of a crime."
