Among the Kyrgyz, there is a preserved legend-myth. In those distant times, when the world was being created, the Prophet — the apostle Noah (or Nuh) had two beautiful daughters — Rajal and Kaiyr. They both loved the apostle Solomon very much and wanted to marry him. However, Solomon married a poor but very resourceful girl. Out of resentment, both beauties flew to the sky and turned into stars.
MAIN STREET OF THE CITY Merchant... And immediately in our imagination arise the mansions of merchants, numerous shops, trading and entertainment establishments. But in reality, it hardly differed from other streets of Pishpek. The same adobe houses, occasionally interspersed with wooden ones, impassable mud and dust; the further west you went, closer to the Dungan settlement (now the area west of Togołok Moldо Street), where small traders and eateries huddled, the more unappealing the picture
THE MAIN ENTRANCE OF THE CAPITAL The first passenger train arrived here at the first one-story building of the station on May 25, 1931. The newspaper "Soviet Kyrgyzstan" wrote at that time: "On May 25, at 6:45 a.m., the first ceremonial train departed from the Pishpek station towards the newly constructed Frunze station. Exactly 35 minutes later... the passenger train left not from Pishpek, but from the Frunze station to Tashkent." And seven years later, on May 1, 1938, the
THIS IS WHERE THE CITY OF PISHPEK BEGAN Tashkent tract... Tashkent street..., then Lenin Avenue... 50th Anniversary of the Kyrgyz SSR Avenue... These are the changes that the name of one of the first streets of the city has undergone, stretching across the city from west to east, from Fuchik Street to Lermontov Street. Regardless of its name since its inception to this day, it remains the main transit route for transport on the way from Tashkent to Almaty, to Lake Issyk-Kul, and to the regions
ABOUT THE NEW NAMES OF THE STREETS OF BISHKEK The organization of street, square, and park names in the city began shortly after the civil war. The names of representatives of the royal dynasty, members of the royal administration, religious figures, and other odious names disappeared from the city plan. Streets began to bear the names of participants in the October Socialist Revolution and the civil war, heroes of the Patriotic War, state and party figures, writers and artists, scientists,
ABOUT OLD NAMES OF THE STREETS OF BISHKEK Understanding the network of streets and finding the necessary address is aided by the names of streets, squares, alleys, and other objects. Each of these names carries a certain semantic content, reflecting the spirit of the era, memorable events, and dates. In pre-revolutionary Pishpek, there were streets whose names indicated the location of some object that stood out in appearance or was significant in meaning. These include Kazarmennaya,
STREET OF BISHKEK For each of us, our homeland begins with dear places - with the house where we were born and lived, with the school where we studied and grew up, with the street where our journey in life began. And no matter what these streets are like - big or small, central or peripheral, lush with greenery or devoid of a single tree - they are dear to us and remain in our memory forever.
CITY OF FRUNZE After the Great October Socialist Revolution, Kyrgyzstan was partially included in the Turkestan ASSR established in 1918. In August 1924, a decision was made regarding the national delimitation of Central Asia. On October 14, 1924, the 2nd session of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTSIK) resolved: "In accordance with the expressed will of the working and peasant masses of the Karakirghiz people, to grant the Karakirghiz people the right to withdraw from the
THE CITY OF PISHPEK In 1866, the first Russian settlers began to arrive at the ruins of the Kokand fortress. By 1870, up to 50 Russian families had settled in Pishpek. In 1870, a road to Verny and Lake Issyk-Kul passed by the fortress. A horse postal station was organized. Thus began the city.
FROM THE KOKAND FORTRESS TO THE CITY OF FRUNZE KOKAND FORTRESS In the second quarter of the 19th century, the colonization of Northern Kyrgyzstan began by the Kokand khan. The advance was made in two directions — from Tashkent through Chimkent, Auliye-Ata into the Chui Valley, and from the Fergana Valley over the Kugart Pass into the Toguz-Toro Valley, reaching At-Bashi, Naryn, Kochkor to the shores of Issyk-Kul. Between 1825 and 1830, the Chui Valley was captured by the troops of the Kokand
Cultural contacts with the countries of people's democracy and the West have become increasingly stable and diverse in recent years. Acquaintance with progressive foreign art has expanded and enriched the repertoire. The role of theater in strengthening these cultural ties is significant. It is the stage that best introduces audiences to all that is advanced in the creative work of artists from all over the world.
A prominent place in the repertoire of the Russian Drama Theater was occupied by the works of A. N. Ostrovsky. The plays "Wolves and Sheep," "The Guilty Without Guilt," "The Forest," and "The Storm" were performed with great success on its stage. The talented portrayal of the role of Katerina in "The Storm" by the Honored Artist of the Kyrgyz SSR K. A. Guriyeva left a deep impression on the audience.
The choice of the "Kremlin Chimes" for the repertoire is quite understandable, although the theater took a creative risk by entering into competition with the best theatrical companies in the country. The situation was more complicated with the selection of other Soviet plays. The theater constantly had dozens of new works in its portfolio. Which ones should be selected? Which play has the right to stage adaptation first?
By including "Kremlin Chimes" by N. Pogodin in its repertoire, the theater took on a very responsible commitment. The image of Lenin, captured through the means of art and theater, is a powerful ideological weapon in the hands of the party. Its impact and influence on the people are limitless. To learn from Lenin, to follow his precepts in everything—this is the aspiration of every communist, every Soviet person. There is no higher, no more honorable task for a writer, artist, or
Literary scholar, critic, poet S. Djigitov was born in the village of Këldyk in the Uzgen district of the Osh region in a peasant family. In 1951, he graduated from the seven-year school in his native village, in 1954—from the Kyrgyz Secondary School No. 5 named after A. S. Pushkin in Frunze, and in 1959—from the philological faculty of KGU. From 1962 to 1965, he studied in graduate school at the Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR. He earned a PhD
Poet N. Jetykashaeva was born in 1918 and passed away on September 9, 1952, in the village of Jilamish, now part of the Sokuluk district of the Kyrgyz SSR, in a family of poor peasants. In 1933, she graduated from the workers' faculty in Frunze, and in 1941 from GITIS named after A.V. Lunacharsky in Moscow. She began her labor biography in 1941 as an actress at the Kyrgyz Drama Theater, then worked as a research associate at the Institute of Language and Literature of the Kyrgyz Academy
Prose writer S. Jetimishiev was born in the village of Kichi-Kemin in the Kemin district of the Kyrgyz SSR into a peasant family. In 1953, he graduated from Kichi-Kemin Secondary School, and in 1958, he graduated from the philological faculty of KSU. In the same year, he was appointed as an instructor at the Frunze Regional Committee of the Komsomol of Kyrgyzstan, and from 1959 to 1966, he worked as a radio broadcasting editor and editor of the youth editorial office of the Frunze television
Prose writer-satirist K. Dzhaparov was born in 1948 and passed away on June 10, 1986, in the village of Kairma, Jumgal District, Naryn Region, in a peasant family. He studied at a rural school and graduated from the law faculty of KSU in 1971, after which he was drafted for active military service, where he remained until the end of his life. He began publishing in the late 1970s. His first collection of stories, "Uruksat eticiz!" ("Allow me to speak!"), was published in
Prose writer K. Dzhaparov was born in the village of Saz in the Sokuluk district of the Kyrgyz SSR in a peasant family. In 1947, he graduated from a seven-year school in his native village, in 1950 — from Kyrgyz Secondary School No. 5 named after A. S. Pushkin in Frunze, and in 1957 — from the philological faculty of KGU. He began his labor biography in 1957 as a literary employee at the editorial office of the magazine "Ala-Too," where he headed the prose department from 1962. From
Prose writer and playwright K. Djantoshev was born in 1904 and died on August 13, 1968, in the village of Tepke in what is now the Tyup district of the Issyk-Kul region, in a peasant-poor family. From 1918 to 1924, he studied at a rural school, and in 1930, he graduated from the Kyrgyz Pedagogical Technical School in Frunze. He began his labor biography as a teacher at the Kyrgyz Pedagogical Technical School and taught for some time in courses for preparing chairmen of village councils. From
Poet M. Djangaziev was born in the village of Karasakal in the Sokuluk district of the Kyrgyz SSR into a peasant family. From 1929, he was raised in the N. Krupskaya orphanage in Frunze, and in 1935 he was transferred to the Gulchin orphanage in the Osh region, where he studied in high school until 1940. From 1954 to 1956, he was a student at the VLK under the Council of Ministers of the USSR in Moscow. Since 1941, he has worked as the first secretary of the Gulchin district committee of the
Poet Dzh. Jamgyrchiev was born in the village of Kok-Sai in the present-day Ton district of the Issyk-Kul region in the family of a local biya. During the events of 1916, he, along with refugees, ended up in China, where he worked as a laborer for the wealthy. In 1918, he returned to his homeland. In 1919, he studied at a rural literacy school, from 1922 to 1925 he attended the Central Asian State University in Tashkent, and in 1928 he graduated from the Kyrgyz Pedagogical Technical School in
Poet D. Jamansartova was born on August 14, 1939, in the village of Jerkazar, Kant district, Kyrgyz SSR, in a peasant family. In 1958, she graduated from high school in her native village, and in 1965— from the journalism department of the philological faculty of KSU. She began her labor biography in 1958 as a worker at the "40 Years of October" factory. Since 1965, she has been a correspondent for the newspaper "Kyrgyzstan Pioneri." D. Jamansartova began writing poetry
Dramatist M. Jakypov was born on May 26, 1923, in the village of Sary-Bulak, Soviet District, Osh Region, in a peasant family of poor farmers. In 1940, he graduated from high school in his native village, and in 1962, he completed a three-year directing course at the Republican House of Folk Art. In 1942, he was drafted into the ranks of the Soviet Army and served at the front. Since 1946, he worked in cultural institutions of the Alay District: as the director of the House of Culture (1946),
Prose writer and translator A. Jakypbekov was born on August 12, 1935, in the village of Sheker, Kirov District of the Talas Region, in a peasant family. After finishing seven years of school in his native village, he continued his studies at Kyrgyz Secondary School No. 5 named after A. S. Pushkin in Frunze in 1953. In 1958, he graduated from the philological faculty of K. GU. From 1958 to 1961, he worked as a literary employee at the editorial office of the magazine "Ala-Too", from
Critic, literary scholar. O. Dzhakyshev was born in 1909 and died on June 1, 1978, in the village of Uch-Emchek, now part of the Kant district of the Kyrgyz SSR, in a peasant-poor family. From 1921 to 1925, he was raised and studied at the Pishpek boarding school No. 3, then until 1929 at the Kyrgyz Pedagogical Technical School, from which he was sent to the Central Asian State University in Tashkent, and from 1931 to 1934, he continued his education at the Moscow Institute of Editorial and
Poet A. Degenbaeva was born on May 12, 1941, in the village of Belovodskoye, Moscow District, Kyrgyz SSR, in a peasant family. In 1961, she graduated from the School of Working Youth No. 7 in Frunze, and in 1967, she completed the correspondence department of the philological faculty of KGU. Since 1964, she worked as an educator at the V. Tereshkova boarding school in Osh, from 1965 as a laboratory assistant, from 1967 as a lecturer at the Osh Pedagogical Institute, from 1976 as a consultant
Critic and literary scholar K. Dautov was born in the village of Uch-Tyube in the Alay district of the Osh region in a peasant family. In 1958, he graduated from the Toktogul Secondary School in the Karasuu district, in 1961 — from the Republican Cultural and Educational College in the city of Tokmak, and in 1969 — from the Philological Faculty of KSU. From 1970 to 1973, he studied in the graduate school of the A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1973,
Prose writer O. Danikeev was born in the village of Chon-Jar in the Sokuluk district of the Kyrgyz SSR into a peasant family. Losing his parents at an early age, he was raised in a boarding school at Kyrgyz Secondary School No. 5 named after A. S. Pushkin in Frunze. In 1956, he graduated from the Moscow Mining Institute. From 1975 to 1977, he was a student at the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU in Moscow. From 1956 to 1960, he worked as an engineer at the mines of
Critic and translator V. Goryachikh was born on March 29, 1916—July 22, 1972, in the city of Biysk, in a working-class family. In 1935, he graduated from high school in the city of Alexandrovsk on Sakhalin. He studied at the Moscow Institute of Communication Engineers, and from 1935 to 1940—at the correspondence department of the Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy, and Literature. He began his working biography at the age of 13 as an apprentice at brick and lime factories, working as a
Prose writer, playwright, screenwriter M. Gaparov was born on March 22, 1936, in the village of Noigut, Nookat District, Osh Region, in a peasant family. In 1953, he graduated from Nookat Secondary School named after Fedorov, and in 1962, he graduated from the philological faculty of KGU. From 1965 to 1967, he was a student at the Higher Scriptwriting Courses in Moscow. He began his labor biography as a collective farmer and then worked as a laborer in a geological exploration team until 1957.
Honored Artist E. V. Zhenin — Kazanok. "Kremlin Chimes" The repertoire is a mirror of the theater. It is the repertoire that defines the very character of the creative team's work. The choice of dramatic works depends on the creative aspirations of the directors and actors, on that elusive concept that constitutes the face of the theater troupe. One can judge by the repertoire how bold the collective is, whether it aims for well-played and long-known plays or takes on untested
O.V. Popova, K.Ya. Ivanov, I.K. Tkachuk Regular classes were organized for all young, mostly talented actors. Directors M. Malamud and V. Molchanov, as well as leading actors, helped the youth master Stanislavsky's system, conducted classes on theater history, expressive reading, acting skills, etc. We are not even mentioning some special classes that were mandatory for the entire troupe. For instance, before the productions of "Hamlet" and "The Comedy of Errors," the
Actors of the Russian Drama Theater of the Kirghiz SSR: L. V. Nelskaya, V. N. Dostovalov, I. A. Ivarfэ L. V. Nelskaya, V. N. Dostovalov, I. A. Ivarfэ The Russian Drama Theater named after Ch. T. Aitmatov is one of the leading theaters in the Kirghiz Republic. It has a well-equipped foyer, rehearsal halls, dressing rooms, and facilities for hairdressing and other workshops.
After the war, the theater troupe was joined by new actors. By this time (1945—1956), the core of the ensemble had fully formed, which largely defined the creative face of the theater. This includes the chief director M. M. Malamud, and the actors V. F. Kazakov, K. A. Guryeva, A. F. Kuleshov, O. D. Dussan, E. V. Zhenin, G. G. Karkotsky, T. P. Artamonova, V. P. Sobolev.
In the evening, the capital of Kyrgyzstan is especially beautiful. Bright rays of streetlights break through the dense green veil formed by the branches of trees, flowerbeds glow with colorful reflections, and the black southern sky fades at the edges from the electric glow. However, perhaps the most beautiful place in the city of Bishkek is Oak Park. Almost century-old oaks, planted by the founders of the city, grow here freely and broadly. In the shade of the oaks stands a large building.
Shepherds in high-altitude pastures still live in yurts. In cities and villages, yurts are set up during national holidays and large family celebrations, as well as during funerals. The yurt is one of the most optimal structural solutions for nomads. It can be quickly assembled and disassembled, easily transported by wheeled or pack transport, and its felt covering is waterproof and protects against the wind.
In ancient times, when Islam had not yet spread among the Kyrgyz, they worshipped the Sun. However, with the penetration of Islam, the Sun became only a part of what belongs to Allah:
Alongside correct, positive interpretations of natural phenomena, the Kyrgyz also held incorrect, illusory views that often led to misconceptions and superstitious fears.
After the Sun and the Moon, the brightest celestial body is the beautiful Cholpon, whom the Kyrgyz worshipped, loved, and sang about in songs. The mother of a deceased son or the widow of a husband mourned like this:
The first representations of people about nature were formed in deep antiquity. As the founders of Marxism noted, "the production of ideas, representations, consciousness is initially directly woven into the material activity and material communication of people, into the language of real life." Due to the frequent repetition of the process of mastering various objects of the external world, the consciousness of ancient people was imprinted with objects that served to satisfy their
Butanaev Viktor (Astaybek) Yakovlevich (1946), Doctor of Historical Sciences (1993), Professor (1996). Khakassia. Born in Russia. Graduated from Tashkent State University named after V. I. Lenin (1968). Works as the head of the Department of Archaeology, Ethnography, and Local History at Khakass State University named after N. F. Katanov. Specialist in the field of ethnography, Kyrgyz studies, and Turkology.
Burkser Gavriil Vladimirovich (1903-1978), Doctor of Veterinary Sciences (1953), Professor (1959). Born in the city of Alexandria, Ukrainian SSR. Graduated from Kharkov Veterinary Institute (1927). Worked as the chief veterinarian of the district, region, head of the veterinary department in the People's Commissariat for Land Management, director of the Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, deputy director of the Uzbek Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, head of the Department of
Bugazov Anvar Khuzaevich (1958), Doctor of Philosophy (2000). Dungan. Born in Frunze. Graduated from KazGU (Almaty, 1980), postgraduate studies at Moscow State University (Moscow, 1986). Worked as a lecturer, associate professor, head of department, dean, and since 2001 - professor of the sociology department at KGNU.
Bugazov Husain Bugazovich (1922), candidate of philological sciences (1954), professor (1996). Dungan. Born in the village of Yrdyk in the Jeti-Oguz district of the Issyk-Kul region. Graduated from the Kyrgyz State Pedagogical Institute (1950), postgraduate studies at Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov (Moscow, 1954).
Brudny Aron Abramovich (1932), Doctor of Philosophy (1970), Professor (1972), Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz SSR (1987), Laureate of the State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of science and technology (1996). Jewish. Born in Frunze. Graduated from KGMI (1954), KGU (1953), postgraduate studies at KGMI and KGU. Worked as a senior researcher, and since 1964 - head of the department at the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the
Abram Lvovich Brudny (1896-1959), Doctor of Medical Sciences (1943), Professor (1951). Jewish. Graduated from Leningrad Medical Institute (1923). Worked in the Uzbek SSR as a doctor, head of the clinic, head of the otolaryngology department at KGMI. Specialist in the field of otolaryngology. Awarded the Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, Red Star, Badge of Honor, and medals of the USSR. Honored Scientist of the Kirghiz SSR. More than 200 scientific works published.
Brimkulov Nurlan Nurgazievich (1953), Doctor of Medical Sciences (1991), Laureate of the State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of science and technology (1996).