The recommendations address glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, and provide advice on their safe use as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. However, as the organization emphasized, these recommendations are conditional due to a lack of long-term studies on safety, uncertainty regarding weight maintenance after therapy cessation, high drug costs, and differences in availability between countries.
According to WHO information, more than 1 billion people worldwide suffer from obesity. In 2024, this was the cause of 3.7 million deaths. If urgent measures are not taken, by 2030 the number of people with obesity could double, creating a huge burden on healthcare systems and leading to global economic losses of up to $3 trillion annually.
"Obesity is a serious global problem," said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. "The new recommendations confirm that obesity is a chronic disease requiring a comprehensive lifelong approach. Although medications alone will not solve the problem, GLP-1 therapy can provide significant help to millions of people."
This complex chronic condition is influenced by genetic factors, biological processes, environmental factors, and social conditions.
"Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer, and can also exacerbate the course of many infectious diseases. Many people find it difficult to lose weight and maintain it at a healthy level without medical assistance," the report adds.
GLP-1 medications act as mimetics of a natural hormone that regulates appetite, blood sugar levels, and digestive processes.
"People with obesity can significantly reduce weight and improve overall health when using these medications," emphasizes WHO.In 2025, WHO included these medications in the list of essential drugs for treating type 2 diabetes in high-risk groups, and the new recommendations allow for their long-term use in adults with obesity, except during pregnancy.
The most successful approach includes a combination of medications with healthier eating, regular physical activity, and long-term monitoring by specialists.
WHO reiterates that combating the obesity epidemic cannot be achieved solely through the efforts of patients themselves—systemic measures from governments and the industry are required.
The demand for GLP-1 medications significantly exceeds their supply. Even with increased production, WHO estimates that by 2030, less than 10% of those in need will be able to access these medications.
Without sound government policy, existing healthcare inequalities may worsen. WHO advises countries to implement mechanisms for joint procurement, fair pricing, and voluntary licensing.
Furthermore, WHO warns of the growing circulation of counterfeit and substandard GLP-1 medications amid a global shortage. The organization calls for strict regulation of supplies, rational prescribing of medications, and enhanced quality control.
The recommendations were developed at the request of WHO member states and are based on scientific data, expert assessments, and consultations with people suffering from obesity. In 2026, the UN agency plans to update the recommendations and work with partners to ensure access to GLP-1 therapy for those who need it most.
Photo on the main page is illustrative: Unsplash / i yunmai.
