Housing. The new Constitution of the USSR was one of the first in the world to proclaim the right to housing. This vital right for each of us depends on the skills of architects and builders. In Kyrgyzstan, mass housing construction is carried out according to standard projects, with industrial construction being the predominant method of building. The most widely used buildings are 5- and 9-story large-panel structures of series "105," designed to withstand seismic activity of 8-9 points. Housing construction plants producing products of this series have been built in the cities of Frunze, Osh, and Przhevalsk. The formation of residential buildings in this series is based on the block-sectional principle. Block-sections significantly improve the volumetric-spatial solution of residential building development, take into account the demographic characteristics of the area more fully, and greatly diversify the spatial organization of the environment; the development and implementation of this series marked an achievement in the advancement of industrial housing construction. This series was developed at the design institute "Kyrgyzgiprostroy" by architects E. Pisarsky, V. Sedov; and engineers V. Anistratov, A. Mozgov, A. Afonin, A. Tevs, and others.
The same institute has designed 9-story frame-panel houses of series "106" for the development of urban highways, with public institutions such as shops, cafes, clinics, and service enterprises located on the first floors. Its creators are architect E. Pisarskaya, engineers I. Snychkov, A. Krainova.
The series "175," made from local building materials and also developed by the "Kyrgyzgiprostroy" institute, has found wide application in areas with poorly developed construction bases. The authors are architects E. Pisarskaya, V. Grigoriev, and engineer A. Mozgovoy.
Based on the projects of series "105" and "175," construction is underway in the cities of Osh, Przhevalsk, Naryn, Talas, Jalal-Abad, Tokmak, Tash-Kumyr, Suluktu, and others. The construction projects are carried out by the "Kyrgyzgiprostroy" institute and its branches in Osh and Przhevalsk, with architects A. Jumakaliev, A. Kudelya, S. Yeremeyev, R. Salikhov, M. Kerimkulov, P. Balandin, M. Tolonbaev, L. Tsalkosova, and others as part of their team.
In the capital of Kyrgyzstan, 200,000 square meters of total area are constructed annually from products of series "105." In the XXII five-year plan, it is planned to create a new series with improved parameters and more progressive technology for manufacturing products with a total capacity of 360,000 square meters per year.
The "FrunzeGorProject" institute is doing very important work on the development of residential areas in the city of Frunze. Here, architects A. Nezhurin, V. Lyzenko, A. Isaev, Yu. Chubarov, A. Zusik, I. Kadyrbekov, and others work. The development of the southeastern residential area of Frunze, the "South" and "West" microdistricts, the "Alamedin" microdistrict, Soviet Street, Lenin Avenue, and others is being carried out according to the projects of these specialists.
The architects leading the development of the capital have done significant work to overcome the established stereotypes of the 60s and 70s, which were characterized by extreme poverty of architectural techniques and a complete asceticism, if not wretchedness, of building facades. Much has been done in the search for an artistic image of residential formations, individual nodes, and buildings, and considerable efforts have been made to organize the production of new products, types of enclosures, canopies, etc. The result of this activity has been a significant improvement in the qualitative level of the urban environment.
In recent years, the construction of residential buildings according to individual projects has become widespread in Frunze. The use of such buildings allows for the completion of individual urban planning nodes with existing development or to individualize the appearance of urban ensembles of squares and streets.
Along with the construction of large-panel and frame-panel buildings, as well as brick houses, monolithic housing construction is also gaining popularity in the republic, especially in Frunze. A 9-story building has been constructed at the intersection of Belinsky and Toktogul Streets using sliding formwork, and several 12-story buildings have been built in the city using movable formwork over the years. Currently, the construction of an 18-story, 100-apartment residential building is nearing completion at the intersection of Soviet and Kyiv Streets.
Overall, the modern architecture of housing in Kyrgyzstan is developing on a progressive technical basis, and its aesthetic level is steadily increasing.
