Architecture of the Village in the Mid-20th Century

The significance of rural architecture in the life of Kyrgyzstan is very great, as more than half of the population of the republic are rural residents. There are about 2000 rural settlements in Kyrgyzstan. Despite a noticeable increase in the rural population over the past four decades, there has been a trend towards a reduction in the network of rural settlements with subsequent concentration and consolidation.
An important role in the further development of rural construction was played by the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated September 12, 1968, regarding the regulation of construction in rural areas, and based on it, the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan dated January 10, 1969, which directed state organizations and design institutes to develop and adjust projects for district planning, general plans, and construction projects for rural settlements, as well as to develop standard projects for residential houses and public buildings.
In the republic, the design of rural construction is handled by specialized design organizations — "Kyrgyzgiprozem," "TsNIIP-ovtseprom," "Kyrgyzagropromkolkhozproekt" (B. Barakanov, M. Lovushkina, A. Novoselov, and others).
The social restructuring of the village is one of the most important state and national tasks, which has become part of the country's Food Program. Today, architects are tasked with creating modern comfort and beauty in the environment, where their creations would correspond to national traditions in terms of everyday life and the external appearance of buildings. The basis for the formation of such rural settlements should be general plans that provide for the rational placement of housing, public and production zones, as well as a series of standard projects for residential and public buildings.

In the last decade, several series of standard residential house projects have been created for the construction of villages in the republic, with a set of apartments ranging from 2 to 6 for various climatic zones. The house designs widely take into account local features — verandas, ayvans, summer kitchens, and utility buildings are provided, and there is an opportunity to conduct personal subsidiary farming on the plot in an expanded volume. For the construction of these houses, in addition to bricks, adobe, and clay, small-sized and large blocks, as well as large-panel construction, are used. The most common public buildings in the village — schools, preschool institutions, trade and public catering enterprises, clubs, cinemas, and medical institutions — are mainly built according to standard projects specifically developed for this purpose.
Among the most important tasks of rural architecture at the present stage is the further improvement of the planning and compositional structure of rural settlements by creating group systems of populated areas that fully take into account labor, cultural, domestic, and economic ties with urban settlements. The issues of forming a holistic architectural and spatial environment of the village and its complexity remain unresolved.
The further restructuring of rural architecture in the republic will take place under the conditions of the State Agro-Industrial Complex. With the creation of this organization, the structure of design and construction in villages is changing. Enterprises are gaining greater independence in the construction of rural settlements. In these conditions, it is important not to lower the level of architecture and the quality of construction, as the success of addressing the issues of restructuring rural architecture will largely determine the face of our republic.