Urban Planning. The development of urban planning in Kyrgyzstan represents a typical picture characteristic of most populated places in the USSR, expressed in the rapid growth of existing cities and towns and the emergence of new ones. The modern stage is associated with the development of master plans for a number of cities and towns in the 1960s. For some populated places, these were created for the first time, while for others, they replaced outdated plans. The technical and economic foundations for district planning and the master plan for the city of Frunze were developed by project organizations from Moscow. The master plans for Osh, Jalal-Abad, Suluktu, Tash-Kumyr, Przhevalsk, Talas, and Tokmak were created by designers from the "Kirgospromproject" institute, later known as "Kyrgyzgiprostroy."
The process of renewing urban planning documents, due to the dynamism of social and economic development, is almost continuous and takes place in all cities and towns of Kyrgyzstan today.
Significant work on the construction of new populated areas is carried out by the project institute "Kyrgyzgiprostroy." Here, in the 70s and 80s, projects for worker settlements near industrial enterprises in Kazarman, Tash-Kumyr, Sary-Jaz, and Kambar-Ata were created, which have already been built or are under construction.
A special place in the development of urban planning in Kyrgyzstan is occupied by the master plan for the city of Frunze, which was developed in 1970 by the Central Research Institute of Urban Planning (Moscow).
Its principles are fundamental and serve as a model in the formation of master plans for other cities in Kyrgyzstan.
In 1971, the "FrunzeGorProject" institute was established for the development of the city of Frunze. The architecture of this city plays an important role in the direction of the entire architecture of Kyrgyzstan. Here, the most significant social, architectural, and urban planning problems are addressed. Along with the placement of construction on free territories, an important feature of the new stage has been the decisive reconstruction of central areas through the demolition of dilapidated buildings.
A special place in the reconstruction of the capital's center is occupied by the planning document — the detailed planning project for the center, developed over 10 years by a large author team from the "FrunzeGorProject" institute under the guidance of the People's Architect of the USSR, Professor N. Ullas. The project proposed a new spatial organization for the central part of the city, which is based, on one hand, on the established latitudinal direction and, on the other, on a newly proposed meridional axis, allowing for significant growth of the center to the south.
In accordance with this document, targeted construction is being carried out in the capital for a number of squares, highways, and streets. The Union of Architects, the State Construction Committee of the Kyrgyz SSR, and the Main Architectural and Planning Department of the city of Frunze provided tremendous assistance in creating the detailed planning project.
Among other significant cities in Kyrgyzstan, the regional centers should be mentioned: Osh, Naryn, Przhevalsk, and Talas. The development of these cities is carried out according to approved master plans developed by the planning workshop of the "Kyrgyzgiprostroy" institute. The construction of these cities is mainly carried out based on projects from the Osh and Przhevalsk departments of the same institute (P. Balandin, M. Tolonbaev, L. Tsalokosova, and others).
