In the course of the research, scientists discovered that increased physical activity in animals contributes to the growth of neural connections in the brain, which, in turn, improves the body's endurance.
The researchers investigated what happens in the brains of people who become stronger through regular sports activities. They focused on the hypothalamus and the neurons that produce the SF1 protein, which is important for metabolism. Previous experiments with mice had established that the removal of the gene responsible for SF1 reduces endurance. Therefore, the researchers decided to analyze the activity of SF1 neurons in mice during physical exertion. The results, published in the journal Nature, turned out to be diverse.
First of all, the scientists noted an increase in the number of neurons and their activation after several training sessions. Secondly, a specific group of neurons activated only after the completion of exercises. Additionally, analysis of brain tissue showed changes in the electrical properties of neurons and a doubling of the number of synapses after regular training.
“Our results highlight the significance and potential role of these neurons in enhancing endurance. The more a person trains, the more excitatory synapses are formed, which can lead to improved endurance,” commented study co-author Jeffrey Zigman. In mice, the increase in activity of SF1 neurons indeed contributed to improved endurance and strength.
Now the authors of the study are considering the possibility of applying these findings to treat muscle mass deficiency by stimulating SF1 neurons. Furthermore, the results may prove useful for athletes seeking to enhance their performance.
