The Khan's Koshuluk Was Buried in the Mountains of Kyrgyzstan — What His Mausoleum Looks Like on the Altyn-Mazar Pasture

Евгения Комарова Exclusive
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On the territory of the Chon-Alai district of the Osh region, in the rural municipality of Chon-Alai, there is the Altyn-Mazar pasture, where the mausoleum (kumböz) of Kuchluk Khan (or Kushluk) is located. This area is situated close to the border with Tajikistan, making it strategically important. The monument erected at the grave of Kuchluk Khan states that "in this place lies Tayaandyn uulu Kuchluk — the khan of the Naiman tribe, who fought against Chinggis Khan for over 25 years. In 1204-1205, after the conflict with Chinggis Khan ended, he led his tribes into the Ala-Too mountains for safety. From 1211 to 1218, he held the title of gurchan (head of state) of the Karakhanid state in the territory of the ancient city of Balasagun. Kuchluk Khan lived approximately from 1170 to 1218."

Historian and resident of the Toktogul district, Abdullah uulu, emphasizes that the issue of Kuchluk Khan's burial has become particularly relevant in the context of the work on demarcating the Kyrgyz-Tajik border. He mentions that a study based on French and Arabic sources was conducted, resulting in Musa Sapaev publishing a book. In 2023, representatives of the Naiman tribe from Kazakhstan visited the mausoleum, bringing soil from Altai and placing it on Kuchluk Khan's grave.

Deputy of the Jogorku Kenesh, Akkulu Berdiev from the "Butun Kyrgyzstan" party, raises the issue of the grave of Kushluk Khan, which is located on the border between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. He noted that "the grave and the kumböz are located in disputed territory." According to him, tools and writings related to Kushluk Khan were previously sold off. "Now there are attempts to export his remains to another country. How will the state protect this historical site?" the deputy questions.

Minister of Culture, Information, Sports, and Youth Policy Altynbek Maksutov noted the need for appropriate laws to protect heritage. He added that two years ago, an agreement was signed regarding the transfer of historical heritage in case of theft, which is important for Central Asian countries.

In 2018, it was reported that 51-year-old Kozhon Nasirov guards the mausoleum of Kushluk Khan, which is now called "Altyn Mazar" (where "mazar" means the grave of a Muslim saint, and "altyn" means gold). Kushluk Khan is also referred to as "Küchü Bi," and people come to this holy place to pay their respects, including visitors from Uzbekistan and Russia.

According to akyn Musa Sapaev, Kushluk Khan was buried here eight centuries ago after he led his people from Altai to save them from the troops of Chinggis Khan. He also mentioned that in 1934, a special squad of atheists destroyed all the houses and mausoleums in the Altyn Mazar basin. The kumböz of Kushluk Khan was restored in 2017 by representatives of the Naiman tribe in honor of the khan's 800th anniversary. A golden crescent has been placed on the mausoleum, which, according to rumors, was cast by the descendants of Kuchluk Khan from gold brought from Kashgar and installed above his grave. A mosque built six centuries ago has also been preserved in this place, the walls of which still stand, although the covering is damaged.
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