According to information from the press service of the Internal Affairs Department, on October 5, 1918, the NKVD of the RSFSR approved the regulation "On the Organization of the Criminal Investigation Department," aimed at creating a service for maintaining revolutionary order and combating crime. This document became the foundation for the establishment of the criminal investigation service within the law enforcement system. Historical materials from the 53rd fund of the Issyk-Kul Regional State Archive indicate that after the October Revolution in Russia, when the Russian imperial army left Przhevalsk (modern-day Karakol) in late 1917 - early 1918, the local city council, chaired by Karakash, decided to form the first people's militia to prevent mass riots.
On January 23, 1918, the organization of the Przhevalsk County City Militia was completed, with I. Cherkashenko, an official of the 21st Turkestan Rifle Regiment, becoming its first chief. The militia staff consisted of a chief, his assistant, a clerk, a secretary, a senior militia officer, 13 foot militia officers, and 2 mounted militia officers. Among the first employees were D. Arefyev, P. Ivashchenko, P. Kerkin, A. Leshchenko, K. Karpenko, I. Kucherenko, A. Ivashchenko, P. Parfyonov, and D. Dubrov.
At the end of 1918, the Przhevalsk-Naryn District Criminal Investigation Department was established based on the Semirechensk Regional Criminal Investigation Department. The main task of its employees was to combat horse theft, food speculation, and solve domestic crimes unrelated to politics.
Sadybakas Sultangaziev, a native of the village of Tenizbay, became one of the first leaders of the Karakol District Criminal Investigation Department. He completed initial party courses in Tashkent in 1919 and participated in combat operations against white bands on the Jarkent front in 1920. After the end of the civil war, he headed the criminal investigation department in Karakol.
In the 1920s, horse theft became one of the most common crimes. Under Sultangaziev's leadership, the criminal investigation department actively fought against this issue, but the organized nature of the crime complicated the situation. Reports from March 1922 mention that horse theft was on the rise, but thanks to the efforts of the criminal investigation department, the main criminals were apprehended, leading to a decrease in crimes in this area. In mid-March, a gang of robbers consisting of nine people was uncovered, among whom was the political officer of the city militia chief, Yergibai Berikov. Despite the arrest, some criminals attempted to eliminate the head of the criminal investigation department, but their plans failed.
Archive materials also revealed a criminal report: on the night of April 25, unknown individuals broke into the Karakol City Post and Telegraph office, stealing two iron boxes with valuables worth 4,000 rubles, as well as the office's seal and codes. The cleaner and her son became suspects in the theft, and later, other members of the criminal group — Ilyin and Lado — were detained.
